None of the First Fleet ships sank en-route to New South Wales, but some did sink after they were no longer in service in the fleet.
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Yes, but it was two years before the Second Fleet arrived in 1790. This, too, was essentially a convict fleet, with some free settlers. No other transport ships came in between 1788 and 1790. The Third Fleet followed, but it was not until after that when free settlers' ships began to arrive more regularly.
Problems of the First Fleet included:diseases such as dysentery and scurvylack of rations once the ships left the ports and fresh supplies ran lowseasickness among the convicts, most of whom had never been at sea
Some of the convicts on the First Fleet and some of the seamen developed scurvy. This would only happen when the ships had been out of any port for many weeks, and fresh vegetables and fruit supplies had diminished to nothing.
The ships of the First Fleet included:HMS Sirius - the flagshipHMS Supply - armed storeshipThe Alexander - transport and the biggest shipThe Borrowdale - storeshipThe Charlotte - transportThe Fishburn - storeshipThe Friendship - transportGolden Grove - storeshipLady Penrhyn - transportPrince of Wales - transportScarborough - transport
No. The only governor on the First Fleet was Arthur Phillip, and he did not die.