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Why does the level of antibodies in the blood increase when the first injection is given?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Vaccines encourage the body to build up immunity against disease organisms (viruses and bacteria).
Vaccination works by stimulating the immune system (B cells, with assistance from T cells) to produce antibodies against the disease organism. It takes a few days before the vaccine can protect the body, but the antibody-producing cells impart an immunity that can last several years to a lifetime.
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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Apply ice or heat after cortisone injection?
Applying ice after a cortisone injection can help reduce swelling and pain. Heat is not recommended immediately after the injection as it may increase swelling. Heat therapy can be used after the first 24 hours to help relax tight muscles and increase blood flow to the area.
What are the complications of an o and o- union?
If the mother is o- and its a first pregnancy then there are rarely any complications. Its during subsequent pregnancies when problems arise. If its a first pregnancy with an rh- mother then get all the info you can about an anti d injection and all the times you need to have it which is not only during pregnancy, its any time rh+ blood can mix with rh- blood and cause antibodies.
Under what conditions might a person with Rh-blood develop Rh antibodies?
The first time an Rh- patient receives blood from an Rh+ donor, the Rh- patient will develop Rh agglutinins (agglutinins=antibodies) in the blood plasma. If the patient receives another Rh+ donation, it will cause agglutination, or clumping of the blood. The red blood cell membranes become leaky and hemoglobin pours into the blood. A possible cause is kidney failure due to excess hemoglobin at filtration sites.
Which blood type would you have if antibodies A and B were made during your first year of life?
type O
What does complement do?
Complement plays several functions in immunity. It can poke holes in bacteria, kill bacteria that are first targeted by antibodies, or, working with antibodies, point out which bacteria need to be engulfed by white blood cells.
Is it difficult to have offspring with blood types rh?
It is possible to have a child who is rh negative if either yourself or the child's father is rh negative. If you are pregnant for the first time you will receive a rho-GAM injection. This introduces antibodies into the mother's system so that the fetus is protected for the duration of the pregnancy. This prevents rejection of the fetus by the mother.
Why does erythroblastosis fetalis occur with a second pregnancy and normally not the first pregnancy?
The mother is exposed to fetal blood during childbirth or abortion. The Rh+ proteins on the surface of fetal erythocytes can trigger an immune response in the mother. This creates antibodies in the mother and memory lymphocytes that are able to create more antibodies. In the second pregnancy with a fetus with Rh factor, the antibodies in maternal blood can cross the placenta to the fetus and attack the fetus's erythocytes to cause erythroblastosis fetalis. The maternal blood in the first pregnancy does not contain such antibodies to cause the problem because the mother has never been exposed to the Rh factor until the time of first childbirth with the antigen.
Why does a transfusion reaction not occur the first time a rh positive patient is exposed to rh negative blood?
During the first exposure to Rh-negative blood, the body does not produce significant amounts of anti-Rh antibodies. However, upon subsequent exposures to Rh-positive blood, the body mounts an immune response, leading to a transfusion reaction.
Can a man with O positive blood and a woman with O negaitve blood have children?
Yes. The only requirement is an anti "D" injection to the mother after the first baby.
Why is it that an Rh-negative person does not have a transfusion reaction on the first exposure to Rh-positive blood but does have a reaction on the second exposure?
Because antibodies that cause the reaction are not naturally occurring. One has to be exposed to Rh in order to make antibodies to it. Its the same process as the reaction to a vaccine. The vaccine exposes you to an antigen and your body learns how to react to it in order to protect you from it. If you are exposed to the Rh factor, your body learns how to react to it, and so the next time you're exposed, the reaction is greater. The major blood groups are different. The antibodies occur naturally. A group O person typically has antibodies to blood from group A and group B donors. Whereas a group AB person doesn't have these antibodies. Also, there are lesser known antigen/antibody groups that can cause trouble. That's what makes my job in the Blood Bank more interesting.
You are o what blood type do you have to worrie about when having a baby?
None. What you have to worry about is if the mother's blood type is (-) negative and the father's is (+)positive. When this happens, the baby inside the mother will be (+) and the mother will make antibodies to the baby's blood for the first pregnancy. This will not affect the firstborn, but will affect the second born. This is why they give Rh - moms a shot of Rhogam to keep the mothers antibodies from attacking the baby's bloodcells resulting in anemia.
How many different sorts of tests are there for determining blood types?
There are two common blood type tests done. The first is ABO testing. This let's you know if you have type O, A, B, or AB blood. The second is Rh testing. This lets you know whether or not you have something called Rh factor (on your red blood cells' surfaces). There is really just one main process used to determine blood types. A sample of blood is mixed with a serum containing antibodies, and if it "clumps," the blood contains that chain (eg. If you mix a blood sample with a test containing A antibodies and it clumps, your blood type is A... or AB. A test with B antibodies will need to be done to determine that.). So really, there are not multiple options for doing blood type tests.
