You might notice that for a while if you are not a frequent drinker. But it would be a SERIOUS mistake to think of alchohol as a safe, effective sleep aid. It is not, and serious drinking will lead to serious sleep problems, possibly alchoholism, depression, problems with personal and social life, and job loss. Alchohol is one of the worst things you can turn to if you want and need good, healthy sleep.
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It could be because alcohol is a depressant. Most people think that means that it makes them depressed when they drink which is not what a depressant actually is. A depressant is how it reacts with your body and it depresses your body systems. On the flip side; cocaine is a stimulent so it stimulates your body systems.
It is the alcohol (ethanol) in beer that makes you sleepy. This is because ethanol acts on certain receptors on your neurons which suppress its activity. By suppressing brain activity, it makes you more drowsy.
Wine contains melatonin and is also a depressant which depresses all bodily functions. That is why some people use alcohol to help them sleep.