Potassium is a generic name. The chemical substance is potassium.
The compound name of potassium and iodine is potassium iodide.
The compound name of potassium and bromine is potassium bromide.
Potassium thiocyanate is the name for KSCN.
Another name for potassium hydrogen carbonate is potassium bicarbonate.
potassium nitrite
The compound name for KCl is potassium chloride.
The name of the ionic compound K2SO4 is potassium sulfate.
The compound name for K3PO2 is potassium hypophosphite.
The name aluminium is derived from the antic name of potassium aluminium sulfate - K2Al6(OH)12(SO4)4 - alumen.
The elements in the compound potassium oxide are potassium and oxygen.
There really aren't any, since potassium is not something you find lying around (it's way too reactive). Potassium hydroxide has a common name of "lye" if that helps. You might also hear it called "potash" (which is where the word potassium comes from).