The part of the brain responsible for vision is dependent on the receptors. There are two types of cells or nerves that are used. These are called Rods and Cones. Rods are wide and tall and are responsible for seeing in black and white, these can work in less light which is why you often see in black and white at night or in darkness. Cones are responsible for seeing in colour, they can only work in a lot of light and are the most common cause for a migraine other than noise. Men have one less cone than women which is why it is very unlikely for women to ever be colour blind and why men are prone to this.
Although an interesting answer by the previous contributor, he didn't really answer the question.
Vision in the brain consists of to major elements: the Visual Cortex, which is responsible for image processing, and the Optic Pathways which is the transport mechanism that carriers electrical signals from the eye to the brain (the cables, if you wish). The Optic Pathways is what the previous contributor is delving into, and his explanation is bang on :)
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The Occipital lobes help one register things through vision, and then interpret them. In addition to the, CN II, CN III, CN IV, and CN VI allow for peripheral vision, pupillary constriction and EOM's.
The cortical areas involved in the processing of visual stimuli are located in the occipital lobe, but the control of eye movements also involves many other areas in the midbrain/brainstem such as the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and the motor nuclei that control the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. The signals that leave the retina also travel through several other areas on their way to the occipital cortex, including the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nuclei, and the optic radiations, among others.