Near enough every ailment, but there are some that humanity cannot yet cure, to name a few:
Also, there are several (OK, quite a lot) of jungle diseases that haven't ever been heard of but are claiming the life of intrepid Explorers and Tribals alike.
Some manifestations of blindness can be cured as well.
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Curable means the disease can be entirely eliminated while treatable means only the symptoms can be relieved.