The basic definition of dehydrtion sythesis is a chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules.
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Hydrate means to give/add water. By adding the prefix de- an opposite word is made.
Dehydrate means to remove water. We often use it like this - I am dehydrated I need a drink. In this sentence the meaning is slightly different it means I am lacking water or my body has lost a lot of water.