It's the swelling of the lymph nodes located outside or behind one of the the peritoneums. The parietal peritoneum is the portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The visceral peritoneum covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs, including the intestinal tract. Therefore, it's the swelling of the lymph nodes located around the abdominal area.
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Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy refers to disease of the lymph nodes in the abdomen. Any number of diseases can affect the lymph nodes and cause this condition. Determining the root cause of the disease will determine the treatment.