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Source: rx2040. com
Lioresal is an analogue of GABA, it is used to treat stiffness of muscles, relieves spasms and cramping.
Lioresal (Baclofen) is an analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is used to treat stiffness, rigidity and tension in muscles (spasticity). This medicine helps to relieve spasms and cramping of muscles. It is also used to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.
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Can baclofen be taken with cold medicine?
Yes , Baclofen (Lioresal) can be taken with most cold medications.
How is baclofen used?
Baclofen (Lioresal) may be administered orally or intrathecally (introduced into the space under the arachnoid membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord) for control of spasticity due to neuromuscular disease.
What medications are used to treat Rett syndrome?
A patient with RS may be given drugs for breathing problems and difficulties with muscle control. One medication that is useful is baclofen (Lioresal), a muscle relaxant. Patients with seizures are given anticonvulsant (anti-seizure) medications.
What drugs are used in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
Allopurinol, a drug usually prescribed to lower the risk of gout attacks, can lower blood uric acid levels. Other drugs that are given to manage spasticity include baclofen (Lioresal), which is a muscle relaxant, and benzodiazepine tranquilizers.
How do you treat sclerosis?
There are a few drugs that can treat and slow this disease:Beta InterferonsGlatiramerCorticosteroidsMuscle RelaxantsTizanidine (Zanaflex) and baclofen (Lioresal)Medications to Reduce FatigueSymmetrelThere is also the option of surgery to help if you have tremors.Also heat can cause a negative reaction and cause an onset of problems. So hot climates should be avoided.You can also have a Plasma Exchange.
What type of pill is blue and has 2531 on one side and a v on the other?
Baclofen (brand names Kemstro and Lioresal) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) primarily used to treat spasticity.It is an agonist specific to mammalian but not fruit fly (Drosophila) GABAB receptors.[1][2] Its beneficial effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites. Baclofen can also be used to treat hiccups. It has been shown to prevent rises in body temperature induced by the drug MDMA in rats. [3] A very beneficial property of baclofen is that tolerance does not seem to occur to any significant degree - baclofen retains its therapeutic anti-spasmodic effects even after many years of continued use.[4] However, oral dosage must be carefully regulated; significantly high doses of the drug, particularly 80 milligrams per day or higher, can cause excessive drowsiness that can interfere with daily function.Can also be used to treat addiction in some cases.
What treatment is available for someone diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?
There are definitely lots of treatments available today for MS. The latest development has been the Liberation Treatment which has been brought forth by the Italian Dr. Paolo Zamboni. Though this treatment is still being investigated for its efficacy through clinical studies, it has shown positive results in most cases. Many hospitals carry out this treatment. It is however cheaper to get treatment in countries like India, where they have expertise like that of Apollo hospitals in Chennai.
How do you treat trigeminal neuralgia?
Pregabalin (Lyrica) has been increasingly used in the past few years for a variety of pain disorders, including diabetic foot pain, chronic fibromyalgia, back pain and trigeminal neuralgia. It has been effective enough for its manufacturer to apply to the FDA for expanded indications for these conditions. Side effects include drowsiness when starting therapy, though most report this diminishes within days to weeks. Usual dose is 50-100mg 2-3 times daily.
Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms?
Alternate NamesHigh muscle tone - care; Increased muscle tension - care; Upper motor neuron syndrome - care; Muscle stiffness - careDefinitionMuscle spasticity, or spasms, causes your muscles to become stiff or rigid. It can also cause exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, like a knee-jerk reaction when your reflexes are checked.Self-careThese things may make your spasticity worse:Being too hot or too coldThe time of dayStressTight clothingBladder infections and spasmsYour menstrual cycle (for women)Certain body positionsNew skin wounds or ulcersHemorrhoidsBeing very tired or not getting enough sleepYour physical therapist can teach you and your caregiver stretching exercises you can do. These stretches will help keep your muscles from getting shorter or tighter.Being active will also help keep your muscles loose. Aerobic exercise, especially swimming, and strength-building exercises are both helpful. Playing games and sports and doing daily tasks may also help. Talk with your doctor or physical therapist first before starting any exercise program.Your doctor or nurse may place splints or casts on some of your joints to keep them from becoming so tight that you cannot move them easily. Make sure to wear these as your doctor or nurse tells you to.Be careful about getting pressure sores from exercise or being in the same position in a bed or wheelchair for too long.See also: Preventing pressure soresMuscle spasticity can increase your chances of falling and hurting yourself. Be sure to take precautions so that you do not fall.Drugs that Help with SpasticityYour doctor may prescribe drugs for you to take to help with muscle spasticity. Some common ones are:Baclofen (Lioresal)ValiumZanaflex (Tizanidine)DantroleneThese medicines have side effects. Call your doctor if you have these side effects and they make it hard for you to keep taking your medicine:Being tired during the dayFeeling "hung over" in the morningNauseaProblems passing urineProblems thinking straightDo NOT just stop taking these drugs, especially zanaflex. It can be dangerous if you stop taking your medicine all at once.When to Call the DoctorPay attention to changes in your muscle spasticity. Changes may mean that your other medical problems are getting worse.Always call your doctor or nurse if you:Have problems with the drugs you are taking for muscle spasms.Cannot move your joints as much. This is called joint contracture.Have a harder time moving around or transferring out of your bed or chair.Have skin sores or skin redness.Your pain is getting worse.ReferencesLee Y-T, Brennan P. Cerebral palsy. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 114.
How can cerebral palsy be managed?
Yes, CP can be extremely hard to detect in young children. It is usually picked up due to an infants inability to reciprocate with traditional motor milestones, such as walking and crawling. Some people with cerebral palsy can only suffer from slight muscle irregularities. On the other hand some infants with CP will have severe tonus (constant muscle contraction) at birth
Multiple sclerosis?
DefinitionMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).Alternative NamesMS; Demyelinating diseaseCauses, incidence, and risk factorsMultiple sclerosis (MS) affects woman more than men. The disorder most commonly begins between ages 20 and 40, but can be seen at any age.MS is caused by damage to the myelin sheath, the protective covering that surrounds nerve cells. When this nerve covering is damaged, nerve impulses are slowed down or stopped.MS is a progressive disease, meaning the nerve damage (neurodegeneration) gets worse over time. How quickly MS gets worse varies from person to person.The nerve damage is caused by inflammation. Inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. Repeated episodes of inflammation can occur along any area of the brain and spinal cord.Researchers are not sure what triggers the inflammation. The most common theories point to a virus or genetic defect, or a combination of both.MS is more likely to occur in northern Europe, the northern United States, southern Australia, and New Zealand than in other areas. Geographic studies indicate there may be an environmental factor involved.People with a family history of MS and those who live in a geographical area with a higher incidence rate for MS have a higher risk of the disease.SymptomsSymptoms vary, because the location and severity of each attack can be different. Episodes can last for days, weeks, or months. These episodes alternate with periods of reduced or no symptoms (remissions).Fever, hot baths, sun exposure, and stress can trigger or worsen attacks.It is common for the disease to return (relapse). However, the disease may continue to get worse without periods of remission.Because nerves in any part of the brain or spinal cord may be damaged, patients with multiple sclerosis can have symptoms in many parts of the body.Muscle symptoms:Loss of balanceMuscle spasmsNumbness or abnormal sensation in any areaProblems moving arms or legsProblems walkingProblems with coordination and making small movementsTremor in one or more arms or legsWeakness in one or more arms or legsBowel and bladder symptoms:Constipationand stool leakageDifficulty beginning to urinateFrequent need to urinateStrong urge to urinateUrine leakage (incontinence)Eye symptoms:Double visionEye discomfortUncontrollable rapid eye movementsVision loss(usually affects one eye at a time)Numbness, tingling, or painFacial painPainful muscle spasmsTingling, crawling, or burning feeling in the arms and legsOther brain and nerve symptoms:Decreased attention span, poor judgment, and memory lossDiffulty reasoning and solving problemsDepression or feelings of sadnessDizziness and balance problemsHearing lossSexual symptoms:Problems with erectionsProblems with vaginal lubricationSpeech and swallowing symptoms:Slurred or difficult-to-understand speechTrouble chewing and swallowingFatigue is a common and bothersome symptoms as MS progresses. It is often worse in the late afternoon.Signs and testsSymptoms of MS may mimic those of many other nervous system disorders. The disease is diagnosed by ruling out other conditions.People who have a form of MS called relapsing-remitting may have a history of at least two attacks, separated by a period of reduced or no symptoms.The health care provider may suspect MS if there are decreases in the function of two different parts of the central nervous system (such as abnormal reflexes) at two different times.A neurological exam may show reduced nerve function in one area of the body, or spread over many parts of the body. This may include:Abnormal nerve reflexesDecreased ability to move a part of the bodyDecreased or abnormal sensationOther loss of nervous system functionsAn eye examination may show:Abnormal pupil responsesChanges in the visual fields or eye movementsDecreased visual acuityProblems with the inside parts of the eyeRapid eye movements triggered when the eye movesTests to diagnose multiple sclerosis include:Lumbar puncture(spinal tap) for cerebrospinal fluid tests, including CSF oligoclonal bandingMRI scan of the brain and MRI scan of the spine are important to help diagnose and follow MSNerve function study (evoked potential test)TreatmentThere is no known cure for multiple sclerosis at this time. However, there are therapies that may slow the disease. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and help you maintain a normal quality of life.Medications used to slow the progression of multiple sclerosis are taken on a long-term basis, they include:Interferons (Avonex, Betaseron, or Rebif), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone), mitoxantrone (Novantrone), and natalizumab (Tysabri) are approved for treating MSMethotrexate, azathioprine (Imuran), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) may also be used if the above drugs are not working wellSteroids may be used to decrease the severity of attacks.Medications to control symptoms may include:Medicines to reduce muscle spasms such as Lioresal (Baclofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex), or a benzodiazepineCholinergic medications to reduce urinary problemsAntidepressants for mood or behavior symptomsAmantadine for fatigueThe following may help MS patients:Physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and support groupsAssistive devices, such as wheelchairs, bed lifts, shower chairs, walkers, and wall barsA planned exercise program early in the course of the disorderA healthy lifestyle, with good nutrition and enough rest and relaxationAvoiding fatigue, stress, temperature extremes, and illnessHousehold changes to ensure safety and ease in moving around the home are often needed.Support GroupsFor additional information, see multiple sclerosis resources.Expectations (prognosis)The outcome varies, and is hard to predict. Although the disorder is chronicand incurable, life expectancy can be normal or almost normal. Most people with MS continue to walk and function at work with minimal disability for 20 or more years.The following typically have the best outlook:FemalesPeople who were young (less than 30 years) when the disease startedPeople with infrequent attacksPeople with a relapsing-remitting patternPeople who have limited disease on imaging studiesThe amount of disability and discomfort depends on:How often you have attacksHow severe they areThe part of the central nervous system that is affected by each attackMost people return to normal or near-normal function between attacks. Slowly, there is greater loss of function with less improvement between attacks. Over time, many require a wheelchair to get around and have a more difficult tijme transferring out of the wheelchair.Those with a support system are often able to remain in their home.ComplicationsDepressionDifficulty swallowingDifficulty thinkingLess and less ability to care for selfNeed for indwelling catheterOsteoporosis or thinning of the bonesPressure soresSide effects of medications used to treat the disorderUrinary tract infectionsCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if:You develop any symptoms of MSSymptoms get worse, even with treatmentThe condition deteriorates to the point where home care is no longer possibleReferencesCalabresi P. Multiple sclerosis and demyelinating conditions of the central nervous system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 436.Goodin DS, Cohen BA, O'Connor P, et al. Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Assessment: the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008:71(10):766-73.Farinotti M, Simi S, Di Pietrantonj C, McDowell N, Brait L, Lupo D, Filippini G. Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD004192.Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. Lancet. 2007:370(9585):389-97.Miller DH, Leary SM. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:903-912.
How do you get MS?
don't know but i know that there are signs of multiple sclerosis anyway. eyes hurting, blurred vison and all sorts of other stuff...... you could try searching it on wikipedia found this by googling 'ms symptoms;:Multiple Sclerosis- commonly called the young person's disease because it frequently strikes adults in the prime of their lives between the ages of 20 and 40 - is difficult to diagnose. One of the only predictable things about MS is that the disease is totally unpredictable. Even when someone is diagnosed with the disease, there is no way to tell if or how the disease will progress. And it often begins differently in different individuals. In fact, newly diagnosed people are frequently unable to put their finger on the very first symptoms of the disease because many of the signs and symptoms of MS mimic other diseases or seem completely unconnected to each other. In retrospect, however, and after reviewing many, many cases of the chronic disease of the central nervous system, a number of signs and symptoms appear to be common in patients diagnosed with MS. These symptoms may appear in any order in an individual with the disease, and some individuals with the disease will never exhibit some of these signs or symptoms. Furthermore, the presence of the signs and symptoms mentioned here are not conclusive evidence of MS. All of these symptoms - by themselves or in combination with other symptoms - are also symptoms of other diseases and/or conditions. Only a trained physician or neurologist can make a diagnosis of MS conclusively - and then usually only after a period of recurrent or persistent symptoms, a series of different symptoms, and/or specific medical tests. This article is in no way intended to suggest a diagnosis of MS without expert medical advice. Having said that, signs and symptoms of MS may include: Tingling or numbness in one or more limbs of the body or in specific parts of the body. As mentioned above, this alone is not indicative of MS. There are many other disorders - like carpal tunnel syndrome, for example - that can be associated with tingling or numbness. However, many MS patients do report this symptom and it should be noted that the tingling or numbness can come and go. Difficulty balancing/dizziness. Likewise, dizziness or difficulty balancing can be a symptom of many conditions - such as an inner ear disorder - and does not by itself indicate MS. However, some MS patients report problems with balancing and periods of dizziness. Recurrent or steady pain in an area of the body. Many, many diseases and conditions generate pain in the body. Pain alone will never indicate the presence of MS. But some patients with MS do experience pain generated by no other known physical injury or cause. Confusion or impaired thinking or memory. Illnesses in general can cause somewhat impaired thinking. Serious conditions of many kinds can also generate these symptoms. But again, some patients with MS do experience impairment of their thinking capacities on occasion. Sensitivity to heat. Just because you feel uncomfortable when exposed to heat does not indicate MS. However, many individuals with the disease experience increased discomfort, feelings of illness, and an increase in other symptoms of the disease when they are exposed to heat - even normal heat that most other individuals can easily tolerate. Fatigue. There are many, many reasons that people experience fatigue and many illnesses or conditions that are accompanied by fatigue, as well. MS is only one such condition. Again, no one symptom can conclusively point to a diagnosis of MS, but many MS patients report feelings of extreme fatigue that may come and go. Impaired Vision. The same goes for impaired vision. If you're not seeing well, your eye doctor will want to rule out any other vision problems. Diabetes and other conditions that may affect the eyes must also be considered. Some patients with MS experience problems with their vision, while others do not. Spasticity or muscle cramps. A charliehorse or two in your leg doesn't indicate MS either. Many perfectly healthy people experience muscle cramps for various reasons. But patients with MS sometimes report problems with spasticity. Impairment of bladder or bowel function. Common infections or other serious illnesses can also manifest themselves in the bladder or bowel. However, some MS patients have difficulty with incontinence, frequency, and other bladder or bowel-related difficulties. Partial or total paralysis. Many people automatically associate a diagnosis of MS with partial or complete paralysis, though this is not the case. While some individuals will experience impaired mobility, the majority do not. MS runs the gamut - from mild, barely noticeable symptoms to more obvious symptoms like impaired mobility. This list is not all-conclusive. Nor is it meant to suggest that you or anyone you know who has or is experiencing one or more of these symptoms might have MS. Only a qualified doctor can make such a diagnosis. However, if you or a loved one is experiencing one or more of these symptoms, it's probably time to make an appointment with your physician to determine the cause. And if three or more of these symptoms are present, it might be advisable to talk about the possibility of MS with your doctor. It is not known what causes MS.There are lots of theories.Some suggestions are,an auto immune disease , a virus, genetics.Basically you have to imagine the nerves in your body like there were electrical cables.the nerves are covered with an outside sheathing called mylen .with MS the mylen is destroyed leaving the nerves exposed.and like electric cables that are left exposed they begin to sort of short circuit.WebMD has a pretty good explanation of how MS works also, this: MS == Multiple sclerosis (MS) usually affects woman more than men. The disorder most commonly begins between ages 20 and 40, but can strike at any age. The exact cause is not known, but MS is believed to result from damage to the myelin sheath, the protective material which surrounds nerve cells. It is a progressive disease, meaning the damage gets worse over time. Inflammation destroys the myelin, leaving multiple areas of scar tissue (sclerosis). The inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. The inflammation causes nerve impulses to slow down or become blocked, leading to the symptoms of MS. Repeated episodes, or flare ups, of inflammation can occur along any area of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms vary because the location and extent of each attack varies. Usually episodes that last days, weeks, or months alternate with times of reduced or no symptoms (remission). Recurrence (relapse) is common although non-stop progression without periods of remission may also occur. Researchers are not sure what triggers an attack. Patients with MS typically have a higher number of immune cells than a healthy person, which suggests that an immune response might play a role. The most common theories point to a virus or genetic defect, or a combination of both. There also appears to be a genetic link to the disease. MS is more likely to occur in northern Europe, the northern United States, southern Australia, and New Zealand than in other areas. Geographic studies indicate there may be an environmental factor involved. People with a family history of MS and those who live in a geographical area with a higher incidence rate for MS have a higher risk of the disease. == * weakness of one or more extremities * paralysis of one or more extremities * tremor of one or more extremities * muscle spasticity (uncontrollable spasm of muscle groups) * muscle atrophy * movement, dysfunctional - slowly progressive; beginning in the legs * numbness or abnormal sensation in any area * tingling * facial pain * extremity pain * loss of vision -- usually affects one eye at a time * double vision * eye discomfort * uncontrollable rapid eye movements * eye symptoms worsen on movement of the eyes * decreased coordination * loss of balance * decreased ability to control small or intricate movements * walking/gait abnormalities * muscle spasms (especially in the legs) * dizziness * vertigo * urinary hesitancy, difficult to begin urinating * strong urge to urinate (urinary urgency) * frequent need to urinate (urinary frequency) * incontinence (leakage of urine, loss of control over urination) * decreased memory * decreased spontaneity * decreased judgment * loss of ability to think abstractly * loss of ability to generalize * depression * decreased attention span * slurred speech * difficulty speaking or understanding speech * fatigue, tired easily Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease: * constipation * hearing loss * positive Babinski's reflex Note: Symptoms may vary with each attack. They may last days to months, then reduce or disappear, then recur periodically. With each recurrence, the symptoms are different as new areas are affected. Fever can trigger or worsen attacks, as can hot baths, sun exposure, and stress. == Symptoms of MS may mimic many other neurologic disorders. Diagnosis is made by ruling out other conditions. A history of at least two attacks separated by a period of reduced or no symptoms may indicate one pattern of attack/remission seen in MS (known as relapsing-remitting pattern). If there are observable decreases in any functions of the central nervous system (such as abnormal reflexes), the diagnosis of MS may be suspected. Examination by the health care provider may show focal neurologic deficits (localized decreases in function). This may include decreased or abnormal sensation, decreased ability to move a part of the body, speech or vision changes, or other loss of neurologic functions. The type of neurologic deficits usually indicates the location of the damage to the nerves. Eye examination may show abnormal pupil responses, changes in the visual fields or eye movements, nystagmus (rapid eye movements) triggered by movement of the eye, decreased visual acuity, or abnormal findings on a fundoscopy (an examination of the internal structures of the eye). Tests that indicate or confirm multiple sclerosis include: * head MRIscan that showsscarring or a new lesion* spineMRIscan that showsscarring or a new lesion* lumbar puncture (spinal tap) * CSF oligoclonal banding * CSF IgG index == There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis at this time. However, there are promising therapies that may slow the disease. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms and maintain a normal quality of life. Types of treatment include: * Immune modulators. Patients with a relapsing-remitting course of the disease are often placed on an immune modulating therapy. This requires injection under the skin or in the muscle once or several times a week. It may be in the form of interferon (such as Avonex, Betaseron, or Rebif) or another medicine called glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). They are all similar in their effectiveness and the decision on which to use depends on concerns about particular side effects. * Steroids. Steroids are given to decrease the severity of attacks when they occur. These shut the immune system down to stop cells from causing inflammation. * Lioresal (Baclofen), tizanidine (Zanaflex), or a benzodiazepine may be used to reduce muscle spasticity. * Cholinergic medications to reduce urinary problems. * Antidepressants for mood or behavior symptoms. * Amantadine for fatigue. * Physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and support groups can help improve the person's outlook, reduce depression, maximize function, and improve coping skills. * Exercise. A planned exercise program early in the course of the disorder can help maintain muscle tone. A healthy lifestyle is encouraged, including good general nutrition. Adequate rest and relaxation can help maintain energy levels. Attempts should be made to avoid fatigue, stress, temperature extremes, and illness to reduce factors that may trigger an MS attack. == For additional information, see multiple sclerosis resources. == * progressive disability * urinary tract infections * side effects of medications used to treat the disorder == Call your health care provider if you develop any symptoms of MS, as he or she is the only one who can distinguish multiple sclerosis from other serious disorders such as stroke or infection. Call your health care provider if symptoms progressively worsen despite treatment. Call your health care provider if the condition deteriorates to the point where home care is no longer possible. == Hafler DA. Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2004 Mar 15; 113(6): 788-794. Goetz, CG, ed. Multiple Sclerosis. In: Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 2nd ed. Saunders. Philadelphia, PA: 2003;1060-1076 National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Available at: . Accessed June 6, 2005
