Assuming you're referring to powdered cocoa (not a drink composite that contains lots of things), the items you'll be interested in are caffeine and theobromine.
In humans, theobromine doesn't really seem to do a lot. Double blind tests failed to show humans' ability to identify the theobromine from the placebo, either via perception or vital statistics.
Caffeine on the other hand was identified 100% of the time. Caffeine is a cardiac stimulant, tends to increase dehydration, keeps us alert, and seems to make us feel a sense of well-being. Clinical caffeine overdoses are rare, and more likely seen with caffeine in tablet form than in either coffee or chocolate/cacao.
Note that dogs and cats react strongly to theobromine -- it's a serious toxin for them and probably is responsible for the overall majority of canine poisonings in the US and Europe.
12 oz of cocoa powder!
100 grams of Cocoa powder is equivalent to 0.88 cups of cocoa powder, which is about 7/8 of a cup.
Presweetened cocoa powder is a commercial product, not something made in the home kitchen. It is cocoa powder that already is combined with sugar and other ingredients.
One tablespoon maximum
Usually yes. Some recipes specify "baking" cocoa powder just so that nobody gets confused and uses "drinking chocolate mix" instead (since this contains sugar and milk powder which would throw off the recipe).
If you're looking for good quality cocoa powder, then look no further than the Selfridges & Co website. They offer a 250g pack of Chococru Cocoa Powder for 14.99 GBP.
1tbsp of cocoa powder = 6g I say it's 5.2 grams, according to wolframalfa computational search engine.
Yes, cocoa powder can stain clothes as it contains natural tannins that act as a dye. It's best to treat the stain promptly with water and a stain remover to prevent it from setting in.
It really depends how much liquid you add.
3 level tablespoons of cocoa powder plus 1 tablespoon of butter or shortening equals 1 square cube of unsweetened baking chocolate.
Unsweetened cocoa powder is about fifteen to twenty five calories per tablespoon.
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