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Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include?
Possible activation of several different second messenger systems.
Does direct gene activation involve a second-messenger system?
No, direct gene activation typically does not involve a second-messenger system. Direct gene activation involves specific transcription factors binding directly to gene promoter regions to regulate gene expression. Second-messenger systems are typically involved in signal transduction pathways that lead to changes in protein activity or cell function, rather than directly activating genes.
What happens when a stimulus activates a receptor?
The activation of a second messenger inside the receiving cell, the triggering of enzyme activity in the cell, and the change of permeability of the cell.
What is the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors, activating signaling pathways that involve the generation of second messengers within the cell. The first messenger (peptide hormone) triggers the activation of specific proteins or enzymes that then generate the second messenger molecules, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3), initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
What is a second messenger system?
A second messenger system is a signaling pathway employed by cells to transmit signals from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm or nucleus. It involves the activation of specific molecules (second messengers) in response to an initial extracellular signal, which then propagate the signal within the cell to elicit a cellular response. Common second messengers include cAMP, Ca2+, and IP3.
What is the mechanism by which protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger?
Protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger through a process called phosphorylation. When the second messenger binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, it causes a conformational change that releases the catalytic subunit. This released catalytic subunit is then able to phosphorylate target proteins, leading to various cellular responses.
Does insulin have a second messenger?
Insulin itself does not have a second messenger; rather, it acts through a receptor on the cell surface, specifically the insulin receptor. Upon binding of insulin to its receptor, a series of intracellular signaling cascades is activated, primarily through the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor and subsequent recruitment of signaling proteins. This leads to the activation of pathways such as the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is crucial for glucose uptake and metabolism. Thus, while insulin initiates a signaling cascade, it does not have a traditional second messenger like hormones such as epinephrine, which utilizes cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a secondary messenger.
What does a second messenger always do?
read it:)
What was the second NASA mission to Mercury called?
"Messenger".
What causes a rapid change to land forms?
Activation of a fault during an earthquake.
Can someone give me the activation code for Second Sight game?
jhhjh
What chemical messenger carried in the blood that causes a change in the body?
Hormones
