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What dictates the corresponding sequence of amino acids in a growing polypeptide chain?
The sequence of amino acids in a growing polypeptide chain is dictated by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA template. Each set of three nucleotides, called a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid, as specified by the genetic code. Transfer RNA molecules bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons in the mRNA, allowing the polypeptide chain to be assembled in the correct order.
What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame?
The smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame is 1. A single nucleotide insertion or deletion can cause a frameshift mutation, resulting in a different reading frame for translation.
What is condons?
Condon has 3 bases sequences which three consecutive nucleotide specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypptide.
What end of a growing strand are DNA nucleotides added to?
5' end (nucleotides are added from 3' toward 5')
When is the new Amino acid added to the polypeptide chain?
The new amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain during the elongation phase of translation. This occurs when the ribosome reads the mRNA codon and brings in the corresponding tRNA with the attached amino acid. The amino acid is then added to the growing polypeptide chain through peptide bond formation.
What has an anticodon region?
A transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule has an anticodon region. The anticodon region is a sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA during translation. This region helps to ensure the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
How does insertion or deletion affect a polypeptide chain?
Insertion or deletion of amino acids in a polypeptide chain can disrupt the reading frame, leading to a shift in the codons and potentially producing a completely different amino acid sequence. This can result in a nonfunctional or misfolded protein, leading to loss of function or disease.
What is added to 3' end of the rna?
a long string of adenine nucleotides
What is added to each side of the ladder after a DNA molecule splits?
complementary nucleotides
What is added to the polypeptide strand?
Amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide strand during protein synthesis. Ribosomes facilitate the process by reading the mRNA and catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids. This results in the elongation of the polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached.
What is added to each side of the DNA ladder After the molecule splits?
complementary nucleotides
What is the directionality of DNA synthesis, specifically in terms of the orientation of nucleotides being added from the 5' to 3' prime end?
During DNA synthesis, nucleotides are added in a specific directionality, moving from the 5' to the 3' end. This means that new nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand in a continuous manner, with the 5' end of the new nucleotide attaching to the 3' end of the existing strand.
