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What dictates the corresponding sequence of amino acids in a growing polypeptide chain?
The sequence of amino acids being added to the growing polypeptide chain is controlled by the instructions (codons, 3-base codes) on the mRNA. These are a copy of the coding regions of the gene from the DNA in the nucleus.
What is the smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame?
The smallest number of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame is 1. A single nucleotide insertion or deletion can cause a frameshift mutation, resulting in a different reading frame for translation.
What is condons?
Condon has 3 bases sequences which three consecutive nucleotide specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypptide.
What end of a growing strand are DNA nucleotides added to?
5' end (nucleotides are added from 3' toward 5')
When is the new Amino acid added to the polypeptide chain?
The new amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain during the elongation phase of translation. This occurs when the ribosome reads the mRNA codon and brings in the corresponding tRNA with the attached amino acid. The amino acid is then added to the growing polypeptide chain through peptide bond formation.
What has an anticodon region?
Anticodons are a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA. It bounds to the complementary coding triplet of nucleotides in messenger RNA during translation phase of protein synthesis.
How does insertion or deletion affect a polypeptide chain?
Nucleotides in the coding region of DNA are transcribed into mRNA. mRNA, in turn, is translated into a polypeptide via the ribosome. Three (3) nucleotides correspond to one amino acid. In other words, if the nucleotides in question are AAA, those nucleotides will be transcribed into their mRNA complement, UUU, which in turn will be translated into the amino acid phenylalanine via the ribosome. Now, if you remove one of those nucleotides, say the first A of the AAA, everything gets screwed up. You get what is caused a frameshift. Say originally you had AAAUAG. As I mentioned, AAA would eventually become phenylalanine, and UAG is a stop codon, which would tell the ribosome to stop translating: the polypeptide is complete. But if the first A of the AAA is removed -- the ribosome still wants to read in threes! So it will read AAU, and code asparagine instead of phenylalanine, and moreover . .. it will keep translating making a polypeptide much longer than evolution intended!
What is added to 3' end of the rna?
a long string of adenine nucleotides
What is added to each side of the ladder after a DNA molecule splits?
complementary nucleotides
What is added to the polypeptide strand?
Amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide strand during protein synthesis. Ribosomes facilitate the process by reading the mRNA and catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids. This results in the elongation of the polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached.
What is added to each side of the DNA ladder After the molecule splits?
complementary nucleotides
What is the directionality of DNA synthesis, specifically in terms of the orientation of nucleotides being added from the 5' to 3' prime end?
During DNA synthesis, nucleotides are added in a specific directionality, moving from the 5' to the 3' end. This means that new nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand in a continuous manner, with the 5' end of the new nucleotide attaching to the 3' end of the existing strand.
