Functional types of neurons:
1. sensory (afferent) neurons - input to CNS from sensory receptors; dendrites located at receptors, axons in nerves, cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS
2. motor (efferent) neurons - output from CNS to effectors cell bodies and dendrites located in the CNS, axons in nerves
3. interneurons - communicate and integrate information within the CNS;
located entirely within the CNS
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Anatomically speaking, There are four kinds of neurons, based on how many different processes are coming out from neuron cell body:
Unipolar Neurons
Bi-Polar Neurons
Pseudo-unipolar Neurons
Multipolar Neurons
Functionally Speaking, There are three kinds of neurons, based on its function:
Motor Neurons
Intermediate Neurons
Sensory Neurons
The 3 types of neurons are sensory, motor, and interneurons. They allow you to sense your senses, such as taste, smell, touch, etc, perform actions, and communicate with other neurons respectively.