There are two kinds of reinforcement schedules. The first is continuous reinforcement where desired behavior is reinforced every time. The second schedule is partial reinforcement where a response is reinforced part of the time. Within partial reinforcement, there are four schedules which include fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, and fixed-interval and variable- interval.
Ratio reinforcement schedules deliver reinforcement based on the number of responses emitted by the individual, while interval reinforcement schedules deliver reinforcement based on the passage of time and the first response after a specified time interval. Ratio schedules tend to generate higher response rates compared to interval schedules.
Four types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement are fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval. Fixed ratio schedules provide reinforcement after a set number of responses, while variable ratio schedules provide reinforcement after a varying number of responses. Fixed interval schedules provide reinforcement after a set time interval, while variable interval schedules provide reinforcement after a varying time interval.
Some potential demerits of reinforcement theory include: potential for creating dependency on rewards, overlooking individual differences in motivation, difficulty in determining appropriate reinforcement schedules, and possible negative impact on intrinsic motivation.
Post-reinforcement pause is a pause in responding that typically occurs after the delivery of the reinforcer on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement.
Joseph Eugene Morrow has written: 'Some functions of stimuli on chain fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement' -- subject(s): Reinforcement (Psychology), Conditioned response
A schedule of reinforcement that is based on the number of responses is called a ratio schedule. In ratio schedules, reinforcement is given after a specific number of responses. This type of schedule often leads to high rates of responding by the individual compared to other schedules.
Tom Spencer Allison has written: 'Concurrent schedules of reinforcement' -- subject(s): Reinforcement (Psychology), Conditioned response
Fixed-ratio schedule - reinforcement depends on a specific number of correct responses before reinforcement can be obtained. Like rewarding every fourth response. Variable-ratio schedule - reinforcement does not required a fixed or set number of responses before reinforcement can be obtained. Like slot machines in the casinos. Fixed-interval schedule - reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement. Like studying feverishly the day before the test. Variable-interval schedule - reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will abtain reinforcement.
Answer:Continuous and partial. Partial reinforcement schedule can be: fixed-interval, fixed-ratio, variable-interval, or variable-ratio. See the related link below for more details. Answer:Continuous reinforcement is most effective at the start so the subject learns to associate the behavior with the reward. Afterword this is learned a switch to partial reinforcement can be done - more specifically, a variable-ratio schedule produces the strongest response and slowest extinction.
Individuals are least likely to satiate on variable ratio schedules of reinforcement. This is because reinforcement is given after a variable number of responses, leading to a consistent level of motivation and engagement in the behavior.
Allen H. Wolach has written: 'Programming schedules of reinforcement with integrated circuits' -- subject(s): Experimental Psychology, Integrated circuits, Reinforcement (Psychology)
Post-reinforcement pause refers to a temporary decrease in responding or activity immediately following the delivery of reinforcement. This pause occurs because the reinforcement has already been provided, so the individual may take a brief break before engaging in the behavior again. It is a common pattern observed in operant conditioning studies.