What are golden rules of safety?

Answer 1

There are hundreds. Here are just a few:

Remain calm

Don't hike alone - take a friend

Keep a cell-phone with you

Don't eat unidentified plants

Don't move an injured person if there's any doubt as to what is hurt

Know how to handle fire (this itself has a number of rules)

Take a first-aid kit, water, high-energy food, and appropriate clothing

Tell someone what your planned route will be

Pay attention to weather forecasts

etc.