There are three ways of ensuring correct placement:
a) By placing a stethoscope on the patients abdomen, roughly in the gastric area, you should be able to hear a bubbling sound when injecting a small volume of air into the tube. This is by far the easiest method, and should be done routinely before administering medicine or nutrition via the tube.
b) By aspirating a bit of gastric juice through the tube. If no gastric juice appears, the tube might very well be placed in the lungs.
c) X-ray. In many countries this is also routinely done, but has the disadvantages of using too many resources as well as exposing the patients of unnecessary radiation.
All in all option a is by far the easiest correct method of ensuring correct placement.
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