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Provide the complete action of the Sternocleidomastoid SCM including single-sided and bilateral contraction?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEUS
Attached to the sternum (Greek - chest), clavicle (Latin - little key) and mastoid (Greek - breast-shaped) bone.
This muscle is a long strap muscle with two heads. It is sometimes injured at birth, and may be partly replaced by fibrous tissue that contracts t produce a torticollis (wry neck)
Origin
Sternal head: anterior surface of upper sternum
Clavicular head: medial third of the clavicle
Insertion
Mastoid process of the temporal bone (bony promenance just behind the ear)
Action
Contraction of both sides together (bilateral contraction): flexes neck (draws head forward). Raises sternum, and consequently the ribs, during deep inhalation.
Contraction of one side (single-sided contraction): tilts the head towards the same side. Rotates head to face the oppsite side (and also upwards as it does so).
Basic functional movement: Turning head to look over your shoulder. Raising head from pillow.
Sports that heavily utilise this muscle: Swimminh, Rugby scrummage, American football.
Movements or injuries that may damage this muscle: Extreme whiplash movements
Headache and neck pain are common problems when this muscle is chronically tight/shortened
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