There are a lot of variables, but 4 minutes is the usual guideline. Blood carries oxygen, and blood is pumped by the heart. Brain damage occurs after 4 minutes without fresh oxygen to the brain.
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Brain damage starts after 10 minutes, after that you risk serious permanent brain damage. All brain surgerys that require stopping the heart are done in 10 minutes or less.
after about 4 minutes unless his body temp is really cold then the rate of breakdown is reduced
Once a heart stops it takes up to 6 minutes before permanent brain damage can occur. This is because the brain has been starved for fresh oxygenated blood and was not being nourished.