No. Its the Rh factor. Some people are born with the Rh protein in their blood and a very few aren't. The people that have the protein are Rh+ and those that don't are Rh-. Women who have Rh- blood such as O- have to get a Rhogam shot so they aren't exposed to the protein when they have Rh+ children. If they are exposed, they build antibodies that can attack Rh+ babies they are carrying.
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Neither, blood is neutral.
It does contain both positively and negatively charged ions, but in equal amounts so that they cancel.