Usually guidelines vary as to how much urine there has to be within the bladder. This amount can be assessed either by a bladder scanner or by inserting a catheter, draining the urine, and removing it or keeping it there if the amount is over the limit stipulated by the guidelines available. The amount of urine (residual urine) is between 150mls (least amount found in the literature and 250mls. Obviously, the amount alone is not a good indication. The number of previous voiding episodes and the amount voided in each, together with age and thickness of the bladder wall are things to be considered. For example, is one has passed an average of 150mls of urine per void on 3 or 4 occasions, a residual on scan of 150mls will not warrant catheterisation since most likely that will be voided in the next void. What I mean is that there is no cut off point and the picture is different for every patient seen.
blood
Urinalysis: The examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.
reasons of liver enlargement
bilirubin
oliguria
when kidney is not working well
Crystalluria is the abnormal condition of crystals in the urine.
An abnormal high concentration of protein in urine is called proteinuria. It can be a sign of kidney damage or other underlying health conditions. If persistent, it should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
The kidneys are the starting point of the urinary system, the organ where urine (waste liquid materials) are filtered out of the blood stream. Dysfunctional or nonfunctional kidneys create abnormal urine, and usually an abnormal amount of abnormal urine. This can range from anuria (no urine) to polyuria (urinating multiple times a day) and from urinating basically straight water (clear, colorless, USG <1.003) to urinating pus, blood, serum, or some combination thereof.
C no change in amount of urine
An abnormal urine specimen could indicate kidney problems, such as infection, inflammation, or kidney stones. A renal ultrasound can help evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys to identify any underlying issues that may be causing the abnormal urine findings.