no
Sun yes. Light no.
No. Frogs would not survive without energy from the sun. A frog's food source depends upon the energy of the sun for its food. Without the sun, the frogs would not have food.
Yes
you wouldn't even be able to get to the sun
Not long
You need energy to survive, so you cannot survive without energy.
All living things need the sun to survive in one way or another. All "natural" energy on Earth comes directly from the sun. So, to answer your question, plants could not survive if there was no sun.
Not for very long. People cannot survive for very long without water, anywhere.
You can survive 2-3 days without any liquids
a man can not survive for a week without water
They need photosynthesis to survive