the retina allows light to enter where inside the eye a picture or a puzzle is created based upon the different wavelengths which is then sent to the brain to be processed into what we call a picture.
I'm not sure if this is the best answers but this is what we learned in our science unit on the eye. We dissected a sheep's eye to get a better understanding too.
Light enters the eye through the cornea which protects the eye and acts like a lens. The light then goes to the iris and pupil which work together. The iris has muscles that contract and expand to change the size of the pupil to let in the amount of light that is needed. the light passes through the iris and pupil to the lens which refracts the light and creates the image upside down. The ciliary muscles hold the lens behind the pupil and they make the lens thinner or wider to focus on the image. The rods and cones get the image. Rods respond to dim light and cones respond to the primary colors and bright light. The rods and cones are located on the retina. They send signals through the retina to the optic nerve which sends those signals to your brain and processes the image and flips it right side up so you are able to see the image.
by the way I did type that by myself and I didn't copy it from anything! I SWEAR
cranberryhead :)
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the eye only captures the light where it will send a neural impulse to the brain where it decodes the signal to make the image kind of like the 01's that make up the digital universe(internet) where the computer decodes it so we can see what the image is. This is incredibly simplified and the more complex answer will boggle your mind with Biology and chemistry of it. The body is really amazing...