Immunity is conferred primarily through two mechanisms: innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens, utilizing barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like phagocytes. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, develops over time and involves the activation of lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) that specifically recognize and remember pathogens, leading to a targeted and lasting immune response. Vaccination can enhance this adaptive response by introducing antigens, prompting the immune system to produce memory cells without causing disease.
No, hemophilia does not confer an advantage against malaria. People with sickle-cell anemia do have an immunity, of sorts.
Pooled human serum globulin is antibodies (or antitoxins) found in our blood. When administered to a patient after exposure to Hepatitis A it is a type of Artificially acquired passive immunity.
Yes, mumps typically confers lifelong immunity after infection. Once a person has recovered from mumps, their immune system produces antibodies that provide protection against future infections. Vaccination with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine also offers long-lasting immunity, although vaccine-derived immunity may require boosters in some cases.
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that does not confer immunity after exposure. People who have been infected with hepatitis C can get re-infected with the virus.
The suffix of "confer" is -er.
I must confer with my colleagues
I'd like to confer with my associates.
The past tense of confer is conferred.
Conferred is the past participle of confer.
CONFER - software - was created in 1975.
Viruses that typically confer long-lasting or lifelong immunity after infection include measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, and most strains of the influenza virus. However, some viruses, like the common cold or norovirus, can infect a person multiple times due to the presence of different strains or lack of long-lasting immunity.
Jenner's method of using cowpox infection to confer immunity to smallpox was superior to earlier methods because it carried a significantly lowered risk of serious disease. The earlier method of using material from lesions of smallpox victims conferred immunity but at the risk of acquiring the potentially lethal disease.