In the human eye, cones look like a cone, while rods look like short rods. Rods are connected in "parallel", and they detect minimal amounts of light. Cones tend towards a "serial" transmission to the nervous system. Cones also come in various types -- red detecting, green detecting, or blue detecting -- so they enable color vision. Books have been written on this subject, and I wrote a short paragraph.
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Rods and cons are types of photoreceptors in the human retina. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). Rods do not mediate color vision. Cones are more active at higher light levels (photopic vision). They are capable of color vision.
Rods and cones are similar in that, they both are parts of the retina and are responsible for vision. Other than that, their functions are complete opposite of each other.
Rods by far.
The rods are all over the retina to absorb light. The cones are limited to a small area to fill in color.