A person can get sick from contaminated food because of microbes or toxins. When contaminated food is eaten, toxins or microbes are released into the gastrointestinal tract, causing vomiting and diarrhea.
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Food-born illnesses are contracted from food, most often by eating, but rarely by food handlers and preparers. An example would be trichinosis -- the infection of a parasite acquired by eating certain insufficiently cooked meats.