It is a clear gel, which fills in the space between the retina and the lens. If it becomne foggy or if it was glazed over it would be harder to send the picture that the eye sees to the optic nerve, which sends it to the brain.
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The vitreous humor generally holds the shape of the eye. It does so by keeping the retina to the rear of the eye, and the lens to the front. So it keeps the retina and the lens separate and in their respectively needed places. Its mostly watery make-up includes some cells, collagen fibers, proteins, salts, and sugars. It has no blood vessels.
To give structure to the eyeball, and provide a clear medium for the light to pass through, so that it lands on the photoreceptor cells in the retina, the back of the eye.
It's purpose is to remove unwanted cellular debris and also hold the shape of the eye.