Polymyositis means multiple attacks on muscles. The immune system attacks mostly the proximal muscles (close to the spine)in a symmetrical fashion, in particular upper legs, pelvic girdle, neck muscles. Sometimes the diaphragm, the voice box, and muscles that control swallowing are affected. Muscular pain can be present. Even if it is not, the person will notice gradual weakness: difficulty in going up stairs, rising from a sitting position, difficulty in running, lifting arms over head, shortness of breath, voice losing strength.
If the disease is untreated, the PM sufferer may become so weak that he/she will need a walker, a wheelchair, have major problems swallowing. This can lead to food aspiration (going in the lungs). Kidneys may be affected by the enzymes produced by the attacked muscles. PM is associated with pneumonia.
There is a correlation between PM and malignancy. The immune system is malfunctioning: other immune system diseases may also be present.
There is actually no cure for PM but it can be treated. Rheumatologists (or neurologists) will prescribe steroids and immunosuppressors to stop the attack and the inflammation. If this is not working, immuno globulin perfusions can be given. The immune system being on hold, there is danger in catching viruses or infections.
Once the disease under control, the patient will have to rebuild his muscles in order to regain a semblance of what he/she was before.
Can it be fatal? Yes, if untreated. The person becomes so weak that he is prone to falling, may become bed-ridden, unable to swallow (tube-feeding), lungs do not work properly. Kidneys are affected and do not filter properly.
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