Generally speaking, your tissues need a certain amount of blood supplied to it.
With that in mind if the pressure is decreased the rate of supply (Pulse) will have to increase in order to supply the tissues with sufficient oxygen supply.
During periods of blood loss or shock, the body compensates by elevating the heart rate, if the pressure can be restored; the rate will return.
There is no fixed equation to say that a B/P of 120/80 = HR of 90 and B/P 90/50 = HR 120, however your body will determine what is needed.
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Absolutely.
BP and HR are linked by the cardiac output law, that states BP=HRxTPR (Total periphereal resistance and that CO=HR x Stroke volume (blood ejected per minute)
So if the BP is low, the HR will rise to compensate. Vice versa (in a perfect physiological model).
Very little.
I have a heart rate of a very fit man; but I have the blood pressure of a very unfit man!
This site explains it in better detail:
http://mbyl.hubpages.com/_mbyl/hub/measuring-blood-pressure-instruments-relationship-between-blood-pressure-pulse-what-is-systolic-diastolic-high-low-chart
Your breathing rate is how fast you breathe or how slow you breathe, your pulse is how fast or slow your heart beats, and your blood pressure is how forceful your heart pumps blood.