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Not necessarily. Simply put, a low TI indicates that the dose that causes a beneficial effect is "close" to the dose that causes unacceptable toxicity or lethality. A drug with a large or wide TI means that the dose that causes the beneficial effect is far lower than the dose that causes toxicity or lethality.
If a drug has a TI of 2, then the drug dose that causes toxicity is twice that which causes the benefit. So a mistake of taking 2 pills instead of 1 can be disastrous. If a drug has a therapeutic index of 13, then the dose expected to cause toxicity is 13x that which causes the toxic effects, and is pretty safe.
To compare effectiveness of a drug, you have to compare drug efficacy and TI. For a large TI drug, sometimes you just need to increase the dose. In the example above where TI=13, you could increase the dose 6 0r 7 times and you may not see an increase in toxic effects.
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What are the common therapeutic doses of drugs?
You must include some drugs. There are many more than we can list here. A handbook of drugs is where to look.
What is an acceptable therapeutic index for approval by the FDA?
The FDA should publish Therapeutic index (TI) values for all drugs but they do not. Therefore it is not possible to know what the FDA considers acceptable. The therapeutic index (toxic dose/effective dose) should not be less than 1 because a drug should have beneficial actions at the same or lower plasma concentrations that cause toxicity. However, cytotoxic drugs to treat cancer, by definition are toxic in order to do their beneficial action of killing rapidly dividing cells. Therefore a therapeutic index of 1 is not unusual for a chemotherapy drug. Most drugs have a therapeutic index of 2 or higher. A TI of 2 is a dangerous drug and the patient must be watched carefully for signs of toxicity. Drugs with a TI of 5 or 10 are safer drugs. Some drugs with great selectivity and minimal toxicity have TIs of 50 to 100. These can be given as on large dose that will continue to work well for several days but drugs that can be used this way are unusual, like a few of the antibiotics that kill prokaryotic bacteria but have little or no effect on eukaryotic human cells. The most serious problem we are facing in medicine today is the use of many drugs together (polypharmacy) that make any drug with a low therapeutic index far more danger. Interactions that raise plasma concentrations of low TI drugs can be lethal even if the drug interaction is a C or D level interaction and not the X level drug interactions that are typically monitored. Far too many people die or are seriously harmed due to drug interactions with drugs having low therapeutic indices of approximately 2. We need to get the FDA to publish all of the TI values. The drug database companies would like to publish these numbers to improve patient safety. Without TI values, electronic record and CPOE systems are not reducing patient deaths or lower health care costs.
What kinds of drugs cannot be formulated into a sustained release dosage form?
Usually, drugs with these properties should not be formulated into a sustained release dosage form: - Drugs with a half life shorter than 2 hours - Drugs with a half life longer than 5 hours - Drugs with a short half life but a long duration of action - Drugs which have a poor absorption - Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index - Drugs weighing more than 1g - Drugs with a solubility lower than 0.1mg/mL - Drugs with a very low partition coefficient
What are some kinds of drugs listed in the orange book?
The Orange Book includes different types of drugs such as brand-name drugs, generic drugs, and therapeutic equivalents. It provides information on drug products that have been approved by the FDA and helps healthcare professionals identify therapeutic alternatives.
Which drug is more effective in lack of sleep?
Ambien, Lunesta and Rozerem are three common, effective drugs that are used by those suffering from a lack of sleep, or insomnia. These drugs are only available by prescription. An over-the-counter drug that may help with insomnia is melatonin.
What they test on animals?
Mostly they test cosmetics and drugs, even though other ways have been proven more effective
What could affect death rate?
More information, more education, more govern plans on health, More directions on how to use wisely Internet, effective control on illegal and legal drugs.
What therapeutic incompatability?
A therapeutic incompatibility, also known as physiological incompatibility, is a type of pharmaceutical incompatibility where the prescribed drugs produce a undesirable effect in vivo. There are five types of therapeutic incompatibilities: 1. Overdose 2. Wrong dosage form 3. Contraindication 4. Drug synergy 5. Drug antagonism For more details check out: http://www.tpub.com/content/medical/14295/css/14295_256.htm
Lymph drainage massage is more effective than what other methods that control lymphedema?
Lymph drainage massage has been shown to be more effective than mechanized methods or diuretic drugs to control lymphedema secondary to radical mastectomy.
Why sodium pentobarbital is no more used?
Sodium pentobarbital is no longer widely used due to safety concerns and the availability of alternative medications that are considered safer and more effective. It has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning the difference between a therapeutic dose and a lethal dose is small, making it risky to use. Additionally, there is a high potential for abuse and addiction with this medication.
How effective is using drugs as a way of becoming popularwhich whom are people who use drugs likely to become popular?
you will become popular with other users as long as you are handing them out and once you stop usually no more friend.
What is therapeutic horse back riding?
Therapeutic riding is supervised riding under a physican's prescription. It is different from when disabled people ride for fun. Therapeutic riding is medication. I just did a report on therapeutic riding but for more info go to narha.org Hope this helps!
