It is caused by a bacteria (a rod-shaped bacillus) called Mycobacterium leprae and is spread by airborne droplets such as when someone coughs or sneezes. It appears possible that humans can contract the disease from armadillos as well.
Leprosy (Hansen's disease) primarily attacks nerve cells, although the external skin lesions are the defining symptom. Besides humans, the other mammals that can contract leprosy are the chimpanzee, some monkey species, and the armadillo.
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Leprosy is like any contagious disease. It must have an infected person, a method of transfer, and a second person that the disease can infect. Unlike other contagious illness that are airborne and spread by coughing or sneezing, leprosy is transferred through touch. If you had a leprous sore and I didn't wear gloves and touched your sore, I could contract leprosy. Most often, leprosy passes from family member to family member through physical contact.
Through air and coming in contact with broken skin. Blood also can give someone leprosy.Try to keep germ free.Never touch anyone's blood unless you are wearing a glove,and other protective gear. Leprosy isn't a disease you want to have.Just stay clean and you are good.
Investigators think that leprosy is spread by your respiratory droplets. Another concern for the spread of leprosy is the conditions household close contact can spread the disease through broken skin or through the nose.
There is no clear cause for the spread of leprosy (also known as Hansen's Disease). The actual bacteria is known as Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It is known that prolonged contact is important in some cases. It is thought that airborne bacteria enter through the nose and breaks in the skin. It is quite rare that anyone could contract the disease, as 95% of the world's population are immune to this disease.
As against popular belief leprosy is not contagious. It takes long physical contact or use of cloths and bedsheets with the patient of leprosy to get the disease.