ER golgi vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
Radioactive nucleotide
DNA polymerase
Scintillation counter
scintillation counter. APEX
Geiger Counter
The DNA separated into two classes: labeled DNA and unlabeled DNA. The labeled DNA contains the radioactively labeled nucleotides that were incorporated during DNA replication, while the unlabeled DNA represents the original, non-radioactively labeled DNA from the bacteria. The centrifugation process separated the DNA based on density, with the heavier labeled DNA migrating to a higher position in the centrifuge tube compared to the unlabeled DNA.
proteins and RNA, as sulfur is commonly found in cysteine and methionine amino acids, which are building blocks of proteins. Additionally, sulfur is present in RNA molecules in the form of thiol groups and nucleotides like thymine.
Study the inheritance of traits that are not seen as a phenotype
the key finding was that DNA, labeled with radioactive phosphorus, was the material that entered the bacterial cells during viral infection and was ultimately responsible for the transmission of genetic information, rather than the proteins also present in the viral coat.
Radioactively tagged bacteriophages are used to confirm that DNA, not protein, is injected into host cells during infection. The radioactively labeled DNA can be detected inside the host cells after infection, providing evidence that DNA is the genetic material transferred by the bacteriophages. This experiment was crucial in establishing DNA as the genetic material in organisms.
The reaction that is commonly used to radioactively label DNA is the nick translation method, where a DNA molecule is treated with a DNA polymerase, dNTPs (including radioactive ones), and a DNAase to create radioactive labeled DNA fragments.
The laboratory technique you are referring to is known as radioimmunoassay (RIA). In RIA, a radioactive substance is used to label a specific molecule or antigen, and when this labeled molecule is mixed with a blood specimen containing the corresponding antibody, the level of radioactivity can be used to quantify the amount of antigen present in the blood sample.