It is in Peru.
One can find more information about Aguas Calientes in Peru through travel books and travel sites. The Trip Advisor offers good information on Aguas Calientes.
Aguas Calientes town is located in the Andes Mountains in inner Peru. It is well known as being the closest access point to the historical Machu Picchu tourist site.
One can find videos of Calientes from Lonely Planet and Trip Advisor. Aguas Calientes is located in Peru, and it is the closest access point to the monument Machu Picchu.
Machu Picchu is probably the most popular tourist destination in Peru. Other popular places are: the colonial city of Cusco, Lake Titicaca and Aguas Calientes.
Wikitravel has some excellent information about travelling to Aguas Calientes. TripAdvisor also has several very good articles about what to see and do while in the small town of Aguas Calientes. The primary recommendation seems to be to visit on a day trip from nearby Cusco.
No, you take a bus or you can walk up from Aguas Calientes.
The population of Fuentes Calientes is 130.
Aguas Dulces's population is 409.
Aguas Cándidas's population is 97.
The population of Aguas Corrientes is 1,095.
Siete Aguas's population is 1,427.