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The bacteria Salmonella enterica typhi differs from the common Salmonella bacteria that are found in foods and cause salmonellosis. The typhi bacteria affect only humans, causing the disease known as Typhoid or Enteric fever.

The bacteria enter through the digestive system as with other Salmonella, but enter the bloodstream and attack the lymphatic tissues of the small intestine, liver, and spleen. Symptoms include diarrhea, headache, fever, and possible enlargement of the spleen. It can be fatal in up to 30% of cases if untreated.

The bacteria are spread in the urine and feces of affected individuals, and has been known to contaminate shellfish if raw sewage enters open waters. Where public sanitation is inadequate, it can spread to drinking water sources, or through transmission to food by flies.

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Q: How does Salmonella typhi attack and spread?
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