An ancient race that built the Halo rings and the Ark in order to starve the flood. It is revealed by 343 Guilty Spark that humans are descendants of the Forerunners.
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In the beginning the galaxy was run by the forerunners but soon a race called the Flood attacked the forerunners. So the forerunners built seven large arks known as the halos. When they activated the halos they disappeared. Thousands of years later they invented the unsc and the Spartan. Sooner or later they found john-117(masterchief). After that masterchief went to planet reach and from there halo combat evolved started.
To put it as simply as possible when the forerunners created the rings they also created shield worlds. These shield worlds were refuges from the affects of the halo rings one of the forerunners informed the flood of this so the flood went to one shield world and survived on beings who were living there. Later the covenant discovered this world tried to use the forerunner fleet on the surface of this shield world the UNSC followed and got inside purely accidentally, as seen on Halo Wars. Therefore freeing the Flood. Hope that helps :)
Halo doesn't stand for anything. it means the halo rings that the forerunners used to destroy the flood. then later Master Chief used it to destroy the flood also.ORH.A.L.O. stands forHighAltitudeLowOpeningWhich makes reference to the altitude that the special ops team jump out of the deployment aircraft and the low altitude (after which) that they deploy their parachutes.
The halos, or scientifically, the installations were a way of getting rid of the flood, a parasitic life-form that infects any living thing it consumes. And you're probably wondering how they got rid of the flood. Well, the halo rings would be fired and destroy everything in range, starving the flood to death. A race of alien species known as the Forerunners built these rings. There were very advanced in technology, but the flood caught them off-guard. The Forerunners finally fired the rings, and suddenly vanished from existence. Hundreds of thousands years later, a Slip-space starship wandered into an unknown region trying to lure an alliance of alien species, the Covenant, away from Earth, and the Master Chief was forced to find the secrets of the Forerunners' extinction and the Halo rings.
after Halo reach,there is no more In total, there is :Halo 1,Halo 2, Halo 3, Halo ODST, Halo wars and Halo reach