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There is one at vermillion(old rod) one at fussia(good rod) and there is one on the route down from where you find the snorlax ps.not in Cleadon city
you get the fishing rods from fishermen.
you can catch water Pokemon by surfing on water and by using all the rods
Most water types can be found in the water or by using fishing rods. But you can only get a rod after you get the natoinal dex.
I know that you get the super rod in Route 12.