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The word "diluent" has two common meanings in industry - one is as an additive mixed with a product to "dilute" it, or make it less concentrated, as in the chalk and other inert ingredients such as clay added to pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to reduce the concentration of the active ingredients, either to produce better distribution over the application area, or to reduce the medical risks associated with manufacturing variations or to reduce the risk of overdose by making pills too large to conveniently take a large number at one time. In industry, a "diluent" is anything added to a material to dilute it or to improve its handling characteristics. This can range from water or air added to a discharge stream to reduce the concentration of deleterious components (though this form of dilution is generally illegal under hazardous waste discharge laws), to exotic polymer fluidizer chemicals designed to reduce pumping friction. Water or air is commonly added to materials for ease of transport - particularly in pipeline operations. Water or air is used to "fluidize" particulate product streams such as sand, mine tailings, and powdered or granular products so they can be pumped long distances without settling out and clogging piping. Chemicals or "lighter" (lower viscosity, or more fluid) components such as naptha and benzene are commonly added to chemicals and "heavy" petroleum products like asphalt, refinery "bottoms", and tar sands oil to reduce their viscosity and make them economically pumpable. Here is a link describing choices of diluents in the petroleum industry. http://www.heavyoilinfo.com/IPB/index.php?showtopic=127

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Carlo Kiehn

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Q: What is a diluent?
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