Lava Golem's own special summon effect can only special summon itself to the opponent's side of the field. Like other 'can only be special summoned by..' monsters, if you summon it correctly, and it is then destroyed, it can be brought back to the field by cards like Monster Reborn. In Lava Golem's case, it will be special summoned to your side of the field if you do this.
Basically, when you special summon a monster with 1500 or less ATK with cards like marauding captain, call of the haunted, or monster reborn, you can activate this card when your opponent has a face-up monster to special summon all copies of that monster. Your opponent can special summon all copies of his monster too, but that's a rare chance IMO.
Sacrifice 3 cards to summon
Rainbow Neos 'cannot' be special summoned except by Fusion Summon of the listed components. There is no way around this, not even cards like Metamorphosis or Cyber Stein.
Only if the card specifically says it can summon a Ritual Monster, like Ritual Foregone. Otherwise, you can't do it, cards like A Hero Emerges, or Monster Gate, cannot special summon a Ritual Monster.Also if you summon the Ritual Monster properly, by Ritual Summon, and it is then sent to the graveyard for whatever reason, then you may bring it back to the field using cards like Monster Reborn. However you cannot simply discard a Ritual Monster from hand and try using Monster Reborn straight away, they are a form of special summon only monster, simply by being Ritual Monsters.
Cards that special summon other cards, will say where those cards have to come from. Cards that special summon themselves will only apply while in hand, unless specifically said otherwise.
Yes. It blocks all Special Summons. And since a Synchro Summon falls under the category of a Special Summon, it is blocked after you use Cards for Black Feathers. Cards for Black Feathers is one of those cards you want to use at the end of your turn if you know you want to Special Summon that turn, or if you really need to get some draw power, you use it in the beginning of the turn.
His initial special summon must be from hand, using the text on his card. If you do this correctly, and he then goes to the graveyard, you can special summon him back to the field with cards like Call of the Haunted. If however the summon is negated, or he is simply discarded to the graveyard, you cannot special summon him from the graveyard by any means. Nor can an external effect special summon him from hand, it must be his own.
A special summon is any summon that doesn't count as a normal summon, so you can special summon as many monsters as you wish per turn. But someone can't just special summon a monster by themselves. In order to special summon a monster, there must be a card that lets you do so. For example, the card Call of the Haunted lets you special summon a monster from your graveyard. Or, a monster that lets you special summon it in some way is a special summon. Most monsters that let you special summon it have you need to have destroy or remove from play cards. For example, a monster that needs you to remove from play cards is Dark Necrofear. Dark Necrofear can only be special summoned by removing three Fiend-type monsters from your graveyard. Or, there are monsters that can be special summoned when a condition is met. For example, Tragoedia can be special summoned when you take damage. Or, there are monsters that let you special summon monsters from your deck. An example is UFO Turtle. UFO Turtle can special summon any FIRE-attribute monster from your deck with 1500 ATK or less when it is destroyed by battle. Also, Fusion Summoning, Ritual Summoning, and Synchro Summoning all count as Special Summoning.
No. The special summon text of cards like Scrap Orthros only apply while the card is in hand, unless stated otherwise.
Elemental Hero Bubbleman says 'you can' special summon this card through his own effect. However that doesn't mean you can't Normal Summon or Set him either, or Special Summon him through other sources, like Monster Reborn.
No. If a monster says it 'cannot be special summoned except by', then the listed method is the only way it can reach the field. By default, this summon is from the hand too. So, even if you properly special summon Dark Armed Dragon, and it goes to the graveyard, you cannot special summon it using either its own special summon effect, or the effect of cards like Monster Reborn.
Lava Golem's own special summon effect can only special summon itself to the opponent's side of the field. Like other 'can only be special summoned by..' monsters, if you summon it correctly, and it is then destroyed, it can be brought back to the field by cards like Monster Reborn. In Lava Golem's case, it will be special summoned to your side of the field if you do this.
cards like sinister seeds trap card lets you special summon a token when one of your monsters are attacked and lets you special summon a sinister seed token to the field for every 500 points of damage you took.
No, Divine Wrath can only be used against effects that activate. Most of the time, when a monster has a way to special summon itself, this is an inherent special summon, just like a normal summon, it does not use the chain. Because it doesn't use the chain, you can't chain an effect negation card to it, though you can use summon negation cards like Solemn Judgment. If the special summon is an activated effect (like Dandylion's effect to special summon tokens, or Gorz's effect to summon himself) then these can be stopped using Divine Wrath. But Cyber Dragon's special summon cannot.
Use cards that can Special Summon and be tributed for one of the God cards (Ex. Dandylion, Fiend's Sanctuary, Zoma the Spirit).
No one card can Special Summon any Fusion Monster. Because some Fusion Monsters specify that they "cannot be Special Summoned except by a Fusion Summon", cards like "Metamorphosis" will not be able to Special Summon them. Even "Instant Fusion" cannot Special Summon Fusion Monsters that state "This card can only be Special Summoned from your Extra Deck by returning the above cards you control to the Deck."