You can run it on any computer as long as it has specs that are good enough for mc which most computers do have
Yes, you can play minecraft in a ipad (if that's what you meant). Download minecraft lite for free.
Check against the system requirements for Minecraft. Try the recommended ones first - if they don't fit, try the minimum requirements.
Same as you would on a PC. Download Minecraft from minecraft.net Then run the game with a paid account.
You can play it on any laptop but it runs more smoothly on PC.
No, the only way to get Minecraft free on a laptop is if the manufacturer put's it in as a promotional tool to get you to buy the laptop.