No. The most important part about minecraft is the premium account which you register and pay for online. The client can be downloaded from there too, as it is relatively small.
Selling it on disc would be problematic - you'd still have to pay for and register the premium account online, all that'd be on the disc is the client software which is free anyway. So Mojang would be spending money to produce a disc version of free software that the customer could have got after getting their account.
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You insert an empty disc into your PC or CPU and open your downloads folder (or wherever you put the minecraft launcher) and click and drag the minecraft launcher to the empty disc drive located usually on the side of the libraries organizer under "computer".
Markus "Notch" Perrson
No, you download the client from the Minecraft website. The account you register there is more important than the client data.
I highly doubt it, Minecraft isn't avaliable in disc form... only ask a digital download from the Minecraft website or XBox.
No, you get the download from the website when you make your premium account.