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A predator benefits in a commensal relationship. The adjective 'commensal' means 'sharing of food'. The interaction also may be described by the noun 'commensalism'. In the relationship, a predator takes advantage of the action or condition of an unaffected party to do harm to a potential prey, which then becomes a very real food source.

For example, insects flee before advancing army ants [Formicidae family]. The ants are unaffected. The insects run before they become obstacles in the ants' path. They aren't food sources for the ants. But they become food sources to hovering, nearby birds.

In the interaction, the birds benefit, the ants keep on doing what they need to do, and the insects turn into fresh prey. So the relationship is commensal between the benefiting birds and the unaffected ants.

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Q: Who benefits in a commensal relationship?
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A type of algae grows on a sloth. What must be true for the algae and the sloth to have a commensal relationship?

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What is a commensal relationship?

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The relationship between plants and animals is called symbiosis. This relationship can take various forms, such as mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic, where both parties can benefit, one benefits while the other is unaffected, or one benefits at the expense of the other, respectively.


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