The true formula is a closely guarded secret and only known by top executives at the Coca Cola company.
Ingredients on the coke can state that the soda contains: sugar or high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, caffeine, phosphoric acid, coca extract, kola nut extract, lime extract, vanilla and glycerin. There are also trace flavorings such as orange, lime and lemon and spices such as nutmeg.
This recipe is believed to be the closest to the real one, it was revealed in 2011 on NPR:
Fluid extract of Coca: 3 drams USP
Citric acid: 3 oz
Caffeine: 1 oz
Sugar: 30 (unclear quantity)
Water: 2.5 gal
Lime juice: 2 pints, 1 quart
Vanilla: 1 oz
Caramel: 1.5 oz or more for color
The secret 7X flavor (use 2 oz of flavor to 5 gals syrup):
Alcohol: 8 oz
Orange oil: 20 drops
Lemon oil: 30 drops
Nutmeg oil: 10 drops
Coriander: 5 drops
Neroli: 10 drops
Cinnamon: 10 drops
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H3PO4 (Phosphoric Acid)
C6H12O6 (Fructose)
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
C8H10N4O2 (Caffeine)
There are many chemicals in cola including Chlorine Citric Acid and abit of bleach, but if you drink this type of cola it will probably kill you :)
There is carbonic acid in the drink which reacts with the air to produce carbon dioxide which gives the fizz in soda drinks.