They are the same. A "bulb" of garlic is a collection of "buttons" or "cloves". One clove, is one of the many "buttons" also known as "cloves" which make up the "head" or "bulb" of garlic.
This is one of the many reasons that the English language is the most difficult language, in the world, to learn. We have so many ways of saying the EXACT same THING! I thank God, that I was raised speaking English, because I don't think that I could learn this language, today! ;-D
Half a clove of Garlic
The answer to what is a garlic clove is that it is either 1 section of a garlic bulb.
Very simple answer. A pod is made up of many cloves, not the other way around. On a typical, small, pod you'll find about 12-20 cloves of varying sizes.
No, the tooth of garlic is the individual slice of a clove of garlic.
To efficiently transform a garlic clove into minced garlic, peel the clove, then finely chop it with a knife or use a garlic press to crush it into small pieces.
*How to bruise a garlic clove: Place your knife flat on top of the garlic clove and whack it so that the garlic is a bit mooshed but ideally, still in one piece.
The collective nouns for garlic are a bulb of garlic or a rope of garlic.
A single clove of garlic typically contains about 1 gram of garlic.
One clove of garlic typically contains about 1 gram of garlic.
One clove of garlic is equivalent to about 1 teaspoon of minced garlic.
A garlic clove is typically about the size of a small grape or a large blueberry.
A single garlic clove can yield about 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of minced garlic.