I think Gaara's friends are Naruto ,Sakura ,his brother and sister ,the people from his village ,Kakashi and a few people from the Leaf.
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On gaaras back I'd his gourd filled with sand that he uses for his jutsu that his beast,the 1 tailed shukaku grants him
it isn't his skin, he coats his body in a layer of sand. it is his last chance defence and has many weak points and uses up a lot of chakra.
There is no known date for gaaras birth year but he was born on January 19th and his age is told to be 12-13 in the first part of naruto and then 15/16 after the jump/break.
Yes, they are friends. :)
They're best friends.