upbeats
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3/4Three four time.
Most of the time it has four, but technically the whole note is as long as the entire (whole) measure. Since 4/4 is the most common time signature the whole note usually equals 4 beats but in say, 6/4, the whole note equals 6 beats.
I've seen it written in 3/4, which is three beats to the measure. I've also seen it written in 6/8 which is two beats to the measure but it's played slowly enough so that it sounds like three. Short answer: Yes.
Syncopation, is general music as well, is a musical rhythm accentuating normally weak beats or places in between beats. The standard syncopation in samba music uses a 3:4 ratio, usually in the form of 1 - - 4 - - 7 - - - 11 - - 14 - -, when notated by numbering every 16th note in a measure.
A Meter Signature is what's at the beginning of every music piece. The top number tells how many beats in a measure. The bottom number tells what note gets the beat. Example~ 3/4, There are 3 beats in a measure and the quarter note gets the beat.