the moon rises on the east because it rises on the opposite side of the sun which sets on the west.
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They can certainly rise side by side, but it might be difficult to see the Moon in such a case.
The moon is only visible because of the sun's light, which is why the moon appears to glow. When there is a half moon, only half of the moon is reflecting off the sun's light. It all has to do with the angle of the moon, the sun, and the Earth, which is why the moon has so many different phases.
Pretty much so, yes.In exact and precise terms, the Moon is "full" at a specific MOMENT each month, when the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. (If it were EXACTLY opposite, we would have a lunar eclipse.) But in the 3 hours that it takes for the Earth to spin from "the Moon overhead of New York" to "the Moon overhead from California", the Moon doesn't move along in its orbit by more than a degree or so.So if the Moon is EXACTLY full when it is overhead New York, it will be fractionally past the full by the time the Earth spins enough so that the Moon is straight up from California. But nobody can see the difference between the "Moon at the full" and "the Moon at 3 hours past the full"; the difference is too tiny to be noticed.
There are two separate things that need to be addressed. One is the surface area of the Moon. The other is the surface area of the NEAR SIDE of the Moon. As a sphere in space, the Moon is always 50% illuminated, except during lunar eclipses. The phases of the Moon measure what percentage of the NEAR SIDE of the Moon is illuminated. At the new moon, none of the near side is lit up; at the full moon, 100% of the near side is illuminated.
If you see the Moon on the western horizon, it is setting in the sky.Both the moon and the sun RISE IN THE EAST AND SET IN THE WEST.