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It is where two or more different rhythms are going on at the same time.Polyrhythm is when two rhythms or melodies are played at once and contrast/match together.
Music of the classical era was distinguished by its simple rhythms, melodies and harmonies, which were essentially tonic-dominant. Classical era music lacked the passion and elaborate instrumentation of the Romantic era, or the complex counterpoint which typified Baroque music.
motown +++ When it first appeared, back in the 1960s, the word "Motown" was often prefixed with the name "Tamla". A style notable for strong melodies and arrangements, and tight rhythms.
Many west Africans were captured and sold as slaves in the United States. Music sung by slaves became gospel music. The music of Africa was also polyrhythmic, meaning their rhythms were quite complex. European music, which America inherited, was very melodic, but had simple rhythyms. The combination of European melodic traditions with African polyrhythms resulted in ragtime music in the 1890s. This heavily syncopated music in turn led to jazz and all that followed. Most American rock and pop music today is heavily syncopated, thanks to that African influence. Pop music words have also been influenced by West Africa. For example, in Wolof (a major language in west Africa) cat or kaimeans music, and hepi means to be aware, to know. So in jazz, a great musician was a hep cat. It is likely that hep -> hip >- hip-hop and also hippie.
Those are called syncopated beats, and their use in music is called syncopation.