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It might be very difficult to establish the exact impact of Art as a driving force for change in 20th century.
It could be argued that Art is much more a reactive process than a proactive one. If it is true that "Art imitates life", then the answer must be "not at all".
If, as Brecht claims, "Art is not a mirror held up to reality, but a hammer with which to shape it." then maybe art could be seen as having some seriously active function in the process of change. However, that change must already have been afoot for the artist to have crafted it into art.
Changes in Art seem to follow on from other changes in culture, for example in technology, philosophy and politics. My own personal opinion is that art "captures the zeitgeist", or spirit of the age, working to crystalise our perceptions of the changes which are already being made, rather than taking the proactive role that the original question assumes:
Neitzche's Philosophies drive early 20th Century Expressionism; The Russian Revolution begets Socialist Realism; WWI throws us Surrealism; Mass Media gives us Pop Art. Though complete and exclusive causality in these examples is not possible to prove, the social change always predates the artistic change.
There is a process going on in which the artists are influenced by their environment, and express their experiences as art forms, which in turn influence the environment. Even if the impact of Art on 20th century society is possible to measure, I believe that influences of art are negligible in comparison to the effects of other influences such as politics, technology and science
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