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In spoken English, the regular rule for producing plurals is to add an /s/, /z/, or /ez/ sound to the end of the word. Which sound you add depends on what kind of sound the singular form ends in.
1. If the singular form ends in a voiceless sound, pluralise by adding an /s/ sound.
- pick /pik/ -> picks /piks/
- voiceless sounds: p, k, t, f, sh, ch
2. If the singular ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, pluralise by adding a /z/ sound.
- pig /pig/ -> pigs /pigz/
- fly /flai/ -> flies /flaiz/
3. If the singular already ends in an /s/, /z/ or similar sound, pluralise by adding /ez/.
- kiss /kis/ -> kisses /kisez/
- quiz /kwiz/ -> quizzes /kwizez/
In written English, regular plurals are formed in one of the following ways:
1. By adding -s to the end:
- pig -> pigs
2. By adding -es to the end when the word already ends in a sound that is similar to an s:
- kiss -> kisses
- buzz -> buzzes
- bush -> bushes
- branch -> branches
- fox -> foxes
3. When the word ends in -y, by replacing the -y with -ies:
- family -> families
4. In American English, if the word ends with a vowel followed by y, by applying rule #1 and not rule #3. British English uses rule #3 causing differences between American and British spelling such as phony and phoney becoming phonies and phoneys respectively. The acceptable plural of money is either moneys or monies.
There are also many irregular plurals in English:
1. Sometimes a consonant is changed when adding the -s or -es.
- leaf -> leaves.
- knife -> knives.
2. If the noun originates in German, French, Latin or Greek, occasionally pluralise according to the original language. So children, plateaux, formulae, appendices etc. Many of these words also have acceptable variants that obey the normal rules for forming the plural in English:
- formula -> formulae/formulas
- appendix -> appendices/appendixes
- bureau -> bureaux/bureaus
3. If you decide to pluralise according to the original language, avoid linguistic horrors things like "oktopodes" (and, by proxy, the singular "oktopos") and "hippoipotamodes". Octopuses and hippopotamuses are simpler. Also, kindly avoid horrible misconceptions like "octopi" which derive from people's assumption that the noun is Latin when it is, in fact, Greek. Most Italian loanwords use the -s rule, such as pianos.
4. Some plurals involve a vowel change ("umlaut" plurals):
- man -> men
- mouse -> mice
- foot -> feet
5. Some words have the same form in the singular and plural:
- sheep -> sheep
- fish -> fish/fishes
What else can I help you with?
What is feminine and masculine of a person who rules empire?
In English there are no masculine or feminine forms. English uses gender specific nouns for male or female.Some nouns for a male that rules an empire is emperor or king.Some nouns for a female that rules an empire is empress or queen.Some common gender nouns are president, prime minister, pharaoh.
What are the rules in 'possessive pluralization of nouns' in English?
In English, plural nouns ending with -s form the possessive by adding an apostrophe (') after the ending -s. Examples:The teachers' meeting is at four.The accident damaged both cars' bumpers.The Morrises' house is on the corner.The possessive form for irregular plural nouns that don't end in -s are made possessive by addin apostrophe -s ('s) to the end of the word. Examples:The children's playground is freshly painted.The grass's color has improved with watering.You'll find men's shoes just to the left.
What are some Examples of pluralization of nouns?
A plural noun is a word for two or more people, places, or things.Some examples are:antsapplesboatsboyschildrencrowdsdaysdollsdressesearseggsenginesfriendsfrogsgrapesguesseshatshousesideasitemsjokeskingskneeslightslunchesmenmicenightsnotesonionsoxenpeoplepiesquestionsraccoonsrosesstairsstarstirestroublesumbrellasunclesvaluesvisitswisheswivesx-raysyearszebraszoologists
What is the plural for circus?
The plural form of "circus" is "circuses." In English, most nouns form their plurals by adding "-es" to the end. However, some nouns follow irregular pluralization rules, such as changing the spelling of the word entirely (e.g. "child" becomes "children").
What is destination between English grammar to English literature?
English grammar is the rules of the language - things like "verbs and nouns agree in number" or "the goes in front of the noun not after it". English literature is books, etc, written in English.
What is correct pluralization of viewer?
The correct pluralization of "viewer" is "viewers." This follows standard English rules for pluralization, where most nouns are made plural by adding "s" or "es" to the end. Therefore, when referring to more than one viewer, you would use "viewers."
What is pluralization patterns?
Pluralization patterns refer to the rules and conventions that dictate how nouns change form to indicate more than one, known as plurality. In English, this typically involves adding an "s" or "es" to the end of a word, but there are numerous exceptions and irregular forms, such as "children" from "child" or "mice" from "mouse." These patterns can vary significantly across different languages, reflecting unique grammatical structures. Understanding pluralization is essential for proper communication and grammatical accuracy.
What is the plural of Douglass?
The plural of "Douglass" is "Douglasses." When forming the plural of proper nouns ending in "s," you typically add "es," following the general rule for pluralization in English.
What are the rules in foreign nouns?
Foreign nouns in English typically follow the same rules as native English nouns. This includes forming plurals by adding "-s" or "-es", and using articles and adjectives to modify them. Some foreign nouns may retain their original plural form, but usually, they conform to English grammar rules when used in sentences.
What is feminine and masculine of a person who rules empire?
In English there are no masculine or feminine forms. English uses gender specific nouns for male or female.Some nouns for a male that rules an empire is emperor or king.Some nouns for a female that rules an empire is empress or queen.Some common gender nouns are president, prime minister, pharaoh.
What is the Plural noun of tractor?
The plural noun of "tractor" is "tractors." To form the plural, simply add "s" to the end of the word. This follows the standard rule for pluralization in English for most nouns.
What is the plural version of mothers?
The plural version of "mother" is "mothers." This form simply adds an "s" to the end of the word, following standard English pluralization rules.
What letter do you add to nouns to make it plural?
Most nouns form their plural by adding the letter "s" at the end. For example, "dog" becomes "dogs" in plural form. Some nouns require different rules for pluralization, such as changing the spelling completely or adding "es" at the end.
What are the rules in 'possessive pluralization of nouns' in English?
In English, plural nouns ending with -s form the possessive by adding an apostrophe (') after the ending -s. Examples:The teachers' meeting is at four.The accident damaged both cars' bumpers.The Morrises' house is on the corner.The possessive form for irregular plural nouns that don't end in -s are made possessive by addin apostrophe -s ('s) to the end of the word. Examples:The children's playground is freshly painted.The grass's color has improved with watering.You'll find men's shoes just to the left.
Why aren't your feet called foots?
The term "feet" is the irregular plural form of "foot" in English, stemming from Old English and its Germanic roots. Many English nouns have irregular plurals that don't follow standard rules, and "foot" is one of them. This irregularity is a feature of the language's evolution over time, influenced by historical linguistic changes. Thus, "foots" is not used because it does not conform to the established pluralization of that word.
What is loaf in plural form?
The plural form of "loaf" is "loaves." This irregular plural form is derived from the Old English word "hlaf," which also has a unique pluralization pattern compared to standard English nouns that typically add "s" or "es" to form plurals.
What is the plural of Frisbee?
The plural of "Frisbee" is "Frisbees." When referring to more than one of the popular flying disc, you simply add an "s" to the end of the word, following standard English pluralization rules.
