The pressure of the water against the top of the dam wall, is much less than the pressure exerted against the bottom of the dam wall. The width of a dam wall increases to compensate for the increased water pressures at the lower level.
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Dams must hold back water of a certain depth, determined by the height of the dam. The pressure exerted by this water on the dam is dependent in part by its depth, since the base of the dam must be able to hold pressures exerted by the weight of all the water above the base. Since the pressure is greater at the base, the dam is broader at the base.
The pressure that water exerts on the walls of the dam is proportional to the depth of the water or you might say the height of the column of water from the base of the dam. The hydraulic height is the same as the depth of the water to the bottom of the dam.
Foundation of buildings are made wider because the area of foundation is increased to reduce the pressure exerted by walls.
The collector base depletion zone is wider than the emitter base depletion zone.
From what I infer from conversations between myself and some engineers in the local area, a dam and a levee both holds water to a confined space but, a dam is man-made while a levee is made of natural stuff. However, that is the extent of what i know in that.