Microwave is a "line of sight" system, so the two points must be able to "see" each other. If they're linked by satilite, that can be around the world, and if by microwave towers then as far as you can see the tower.
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The Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) is widely used as a power amplifier in satellite communication systems. It amplifies signals in the microwave frequency range and is capable of providing high power output with low noise and distortion. TWTA technology has been utilized for several decades in satellite communication due to its reliable performance and efficiency.
Applications: They are used in low power amplifiers DLVA, microwave and RF power monitors, high-frequency triggers, ALC loops, zero bias detectors, ACP tunnel diode circuits, etc. Since they are more resistant to nuclear radiation, tunnel diodes are used in space applications like amplifiers for satellite communications.
High frequency is used because of the the size of antennas used to transmit and receive the communications signal. The higher the frequency the smaller the antenna.
2.4GHz is used & OFDM
The primary difference is that the microwave signal is of a much higher frequency than an AM signal, if that AM signal is speaking to AM broadcast radio. In general, AM, or amplitude modulation, is not generally used as a modulation technique on microwave frequencies because there are other ways to put a signal on a microwave carrier that allow more information to be transmitted. AM is "low frequency" RF, while FM is a bit higher on the radio frequency spectrum, and microwaves are further on up.